EKSTRAKSI DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN Zinnia elegans Jacq. SEBAGAI DASAR PENGEMBANGAN AGEN ANTIINFLAMASI ALAMI
Keywords:
antiinflamasi; ekstrak etanol; maserasi; skrining fitokimia; Zinnia elegansAbstract
Inflamasi kronis yang tidak terkendali berkontribusi terhadap berbagai penyakit degeneratif, sementara penggunaan obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid (OAINS) jangka panjang berisiko menimbulkan efek samping gastrointestinal, ginjal, dan kardiovaskular, sehingga mendorong pencarian agen antiinflamasi alternatif berbasis bahan alam. Zinnia elegans Jacq. (kembang ratna), tanaman famili Asteraceae yang secara etnobotani telah dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional, masih terbatas kajian fitokimianya sebagai kandidat antiinflamasi pada bagian daun. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh ekstrak etanol daun Z. elegans melalui metode maserasi serta mengidentifikasi golongan metabolit sekunder di dalamnya melalui skrining fitokimia, sebagai data dasar sebelum pengujian aktivitas antiinflamasi secara in vitro. Simplisia daun diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 96% dengan metode maserasi (1:10 b/v, 3 hari, penggantian pelarut setiap 24 jam), lalu dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan reagen spesifik untuk alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, steroid/triterpenoid, dan fenol. Hasil menunjukkan rendemen ekstrak sebesar 18,70% (1,87 gram dari 10 gram simplisia), berupa ekstrak kental hijau tua kecoklatan berbau khas, dengan hasil skrining fitokimia positif untuk alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, triterpenoid, dan fenol, sedangkan steroid tidak terdeteksi. Sebagai simpulan, kehadiran flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin secara fitokimia mendukung potensi ekstrak daun Z. elegans sebagai agen antiinflamasi alami karena golongan senyawa ini dilaporkan mampu menstabilkan struktur protein dan menghambat jalur mediator inflamasi, sehingga temuan ini menjadi dasar ilmiah bagi pengujian aktivitas antiinflamasi ekstrak secara in vitro melalui metode penghambatan denaturasi protein pada tahap penelitian selanjutnya.
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