SKRINING FITOKIMIA KUNYIT HITAM (CURCUMA CAESIA ROXB.) UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN POTENSI MANFAAT FARMAKOLOGI EKSTRAK ETANOL ASAL LUWU, SULAWESI SELATAN
Keywords:
Curcuma caesia, kunyit hitam, skrining fitokimia, metabolit sekunderAbstract
Kunyit hitam (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) merupakan tanaman famili Zingiberaceae yang secara empiris telah lama dimanfaatkan dalam pengobatan tradisional untuk mengatasi berbagai keluhan seperti gangguan pencernaan, peradangan, dan asma, namun profil fitokimia dari tanaman yang tumbuh di wilayah Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan masih terbatas informasinya karena kandungan metabolit sekunder suatu tumbuhan dapat berbeda antarwilayah akibat pengaruh kondisi lingkungan tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder, khususnya steroid, terpenoid, dan glikosida, dalam ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit hitam asal Luwu melalui uji skrining fitokimia kualitatif. Sampel rimpang dikeringkan, dihaluskan menjadi serbuk simplisia, kemudian diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% pada rasio 1:10 (b/v) selama 3×24 jam. Ekstrak kental yang diperoleh setelah penguapan pelarut selanjutnya diuji menggunakan pereaksi Liebermann-Burchard untuk mendeteksi steroid dan terpenoid, serta pereaksi Fehling A dan B untuk mendeteksi glikosida, dengan hasil diamati berdasarkan perubahan warna atau terbentuknya endapan. Hasil skrining menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit hitam positif mengandung steroid, ditandai dengan terbentuknya warna hijau pada pengujian, sedangkan golongan terpenoid dan glikosida tidak terdeteksi pada kondisi pengujian yang digunakan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kunyit hitam asal Luwu berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif golongan steroid yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut dalam bidang farmasi dan kesehatan, sekaligus menjadi data dasar bagi penelitian lanjutan mengenai identifikasi senyawa aktif secara spesifik dan komprehensif.
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